Beams

FRIB offers fast, stopped, and reaccelerated rare-isotope beams from the FRIB linac. Rare-isotope beams are produced from a primary beam that impinges on a target. In addition, FRIB offers stable and long-lived radioactive beams that may be run at ReA3, ReA6, or the stopped beam area in stand-alone mode (that is, not coupled to the FRIB linac).

FRIB primary beams

Demonstrated

Element	Energy (MeV/u)	Beam current on FRIB target (particle nA)
³⁶Ar	210	650
⁴⁰Ar	200	562
⁴⁸Ca	217	385
⁷⁰Zn	173	80
⁸⁶Kr	140	253
⁸²Se	165	70
¹²⁴Xe	227	172
¹⁹⁸Pt	186	50

Available

Element	Energy (MeV/u)	Beam current on FRIB target (particle nA)
³⁶Ar	290	479
⁴⁰Ar	262	477
⁴⁸Ca	242	356
⁷⁰Zn	241	94
⁶⁴Zn	254	78
⁷⁸Kr	254	252
⁸⁶Kr	230	253
⁸²Se	227	150
¹²⁴Xe	228	177
¹⁹⁸Pt	188	55
²⁰⁸Pb	184	94
²⁰⁹Bi	186	93

Under development

Element	Energy (MeV/u)	Beam current on FRIB target (particle nA)
¹⁶O	290	1078
¹⁸O	258	1077
²²Ne	264	861
⁵⁸Ni	270
⁶⁴Ni	245
⁷⁰Ge	249
¹⁴⁴Sm	215
⁹²Mo	247
²³⁸U	174	25

Rare isotope beam rates

Rare isotope beam rates used in proposals must be calculated by an FRIB beam physicist. Please contact the FRIB Manager for User Relations with the isotope for which you would like the rate and purity calculated, and the Manager for User Relations will make the request to the FRIB beam physics group. An approximate estimate can be obtained from the calculator.

For further information on how rates are calculated:

LISE++ tutorial: Making 64Cr. This PDF shows an example of developing — in simulation — a rare-isotope beam at FRIB. It shows some options to optimize the beam for either higher rate or higher purity.

Beam list for stand-alone operation at ReA3, ReA6, or Stopped Beam Area

The following list includes stable and long-lived radioactive beams that may be run at ReA3, ReA6, or the stopped beam area in stand-alone mode (that is, not coupled to the FRIB linac).

Please note that beams of long-lived and rare stable isotopes are subject to availability of material at the time of the experiment.

Z	Element	A	Maximum intensity (pps) **	Q	Maximum energy ReA3 (MeV/u)	Maximum energy ReA6 (MeV/u)	Half-life ***
1	H	1	1.0E+10	1	6.0	12.0
2	He	3	1.0E+08	1	4.0	8.0
		4	1.0E+08	2	6.0	12.0
		4	1.0E+10	1	3.0	6.0
3	Li	6	1.0E+07	2	4.0	8.0
		7	1.0E+07	3	5.1	10.3
4	Be	7	5.0E+05	3	5.1	10.3	53 days
		9	1.0E+07	4	5.3	10.7
		10	5.0E+05	4	4.8	9.6	1.5x10^6 years
5	B	10	1.0E+06	4	4.8	9.6
		11	2.6E+06	5	5.5	10.9
6	C	12	1.0E+08	5	5.0	10.0
		13	1.0E+08	6	5.5	11.1
7	N	14	1.0E+08	6	5.1	10.3
		15	1.0E+08	7	5.6	11.2
8	O	16	1.0E+08	7	5.3	10.5
		17	1.0E+05	8	5.6	11.3
		18	1.0E+07	8	5.3	10.7
9	F	19	1.0E+06	9	5.7	11.4
10	Ne	20	1.0E+09	9	5.4	10.8
		21	1.0E+06	10	5.7	11.4
		22	1.0E+06	10	5.5	10.9
11	Na	23	1.0E+07	11	5.7	11.5
12	Mg	24	1.0E+07	11	5.5	11.0
		25	1.0E+07	11	5.3	10.6
		26	1.0E+07	11	5.1	10.2
13	Al	26	1.0E+06	12	5.5	11.1	7x10^5 years
		27	1.0E+08	12	5.3	10.7
14	Si	28	1.0E+07	13	5.6	11.1
		29	1.0E+07	13	5.4	10.8
		30	1.0E+07	13	5.2	10.4
		32	1.0E+06	13	4.9	9.8	153 years
15	P	31	1.0E+07	14	5.4	10.8
		33	1.0E+06	14	5.1	10.2	25 days
16	S	32	1.0E+06	15	5.6	11.3
		33	1.0E+07	14	5.1	10.2
		34	1.0E+07	14	4.9	9.9
		36	1.0E+05	14	4.7	9.3
17	Cl	35	1.0E+07	15	5.1	10.3
		37	1.0E+07	15	4.9	9.7
18	Ar	36	1.0E+07	16	5.3	10.7
		38	1.0E+05	16	5.1	10.1
		40	1.0E+07	16	4.8	9.6
19	K	39	1.0E+07	17	5.2	10.5
		41	1.0E+07	17	5.0	10.0
20	Ca	40	1.0E+06	19	5.7	11.4
		41	1.0E+04	17	5.0	10.0	99,400 years
		42	1.0E+06	17	4.9	9.7
		43	1.0E+06	18	5.0	10.0
		44	1.0E+06	18	4.9	9.8
		46	1.0E+06	18	4.7	9.4
		48	1.0E+06	17	4.3	8.5
22	Ti	46	1.0E+06	20	5.2	10.4
		47	1.0E+06	20	5.1	10.2
		48	1.0E+06	19	4.8	9.5
		49	1.0E+06	20	4.9	9.8
		50	1.0E+06	20	4.8	9.6
23	V	48	1.0E+03	22	5.5	11.0	15 days
		49	1.0E+06	20	4.9	9.8	330 days
		50	1.0E+06	21	5.0	10.1
		51	1.0E+06	21	4.9	9.9
24	Cr	50	1.0E+06	22	5.3	10.6
		52	1.0E+06	22	5.1	10.2
		53	1.0E+06	22	5.0	10.0
		54	1.0E+06	22	4.9	9.8
26	Fe	54	1.0E+06	24	5.3	10.7
		55	1.0E+06	24	5.2	10.5	2.7 years
		56	1.0E+06	23	4.9	9.9
		57	1.0E+06	24	5.1	10.1
		58	1.0E+06	24	5.0	9.9
		59	1.0E+03	24	4.9	9.8	44 days
		60	1.0E+04	25	5.0	10.0	2.6x10^6 years
28	Ni	56	1.0E+04	24	5.1	10.3	6 days
		58	1.0E+06	26	5.4	10.8
		60	1.0E+06	26	5.2	10.4
		61	1.0E+06	26	5.1	10.2
		62	1.0E+06	26	5.0	10.1
		64	1.0E+06	26	4.9	9.8
29	Cu	63	1.0E+06	26	5.0	9.9
		65	1.0E+06	27	5.0	10.0
30	Zn	64	1.0E+06	27	5.1	10.1
		66	1.0E+06	28	5.1	10.2
		67	1.0E+06	28	5.0	10.0
		68	1.0E+06	28	4.9	9.9
		70	1.0E+05	28	4.8	9.6
31	Ga	69	1.0E+06	29	5.0	10.1
		71	1.0E+06	29	4.9	9.8
32	Ge	70	1.0E+06	29	5.0	9.9
		72	1.0E+06	29	4.8	9.7
		73	1.0E+06	29	4.8	9.5
		74	1.0E+06	29	4.7	9.4
		76	1.0E+06	29	4.6	9.2
33	As	73	1.0E+06	29	4.8	9.5	80 days
		75	1.0E+05	29	4.6	9.3
34	Se	74	1.0E+05	32	5.2	10.4
		76	1.0E+06	32	5.1	10.1
		77	1.0E+06	32	5.0	10.0
		78	1.0E+06	32	4.9	9.8
		80	1.0E+06	32	4.8	9.6
		82	1.0E+06	32	4.7	9.4
35	Br	79	1.0E+06	32	4.9	9.7
		81	1.0E+06	32	4.7	9.5
36	Kr	78	1.0E+07	32	4.9	9.8
		80	1.0E+07	32	4.8	9.6
		82	1.0E+07	32	4.7	9.4
		83	1.0E+07	32	4.6	9.3
		84	1.0E+07	32	4.6	9.1
		86	1.0E+07	32	4.5	8.9
37	Rb	83	1.0E+05	32	4.6	9.3	86.2 days
		85	1.0E+07	32	4.5	9.0
		87	4.0E+06	32	4.4	8.8
38	Sr	84	1.0E+06	32	4.6	9.1
		86	1.0E+06	32	4.5	8.9
		87	1.0E+06	32	4.4	8.8
		88	1.0E+06	32	4.4	8.7
46	Pd	102	1.0E+06	39	4.6	9.2
		104	1.0E+06	38	4.4	8.8
		105	1.0E+06	39	4.5	8.9
		106	1.0E+06	39	4.4	8.8
		108	1.0E+06	39	4.3	8.7
		110	1.0E+06	39	4.3	8.5
47	Ag	107	1.0E+06	40	4.5	9.0
		109	1.0E+06	39	4.3	8.6
48	Cd	106	1.0E+06	41	4.6	9.3
		108	1.0E+06	41	4.6	9.1
		110	1.0E+06	41	4.5	8.9
		111	1.0E+06	41	4.4	8.9
		112	1.0E+06	41	4.4	8.8
		113	1.0E+06	41	4.4	8.7
		114	1.0E+06	41	4.3	8.6
		116	1.0E+06	41	4.2	8.5
49	In	113	1.0E+06	42	4.5	8.9
		115	1.0E+06	42	4.4	8.8
50	Sn	112	1.0E+06	43	4.6	9.2
		114	1.0E+06	43	4.5	9.1
		115	1.0E+06	43	4.5	9.0
		116	1.0E+06	43	4.4	8.9
		117	1.0E+06	43	4.4	8.8
		118	1.0E+06	43	4.4	8.7
		119	1.0E+06	43	4.3	8.7
		120	1.0E+06	43	4.3	8.6
		122	1.0E+06	43	4.2	8.5
		124	1.0E+06	43	4.2	8.3
51	Sb	121	1.0E+06	44	4.4	8.7
		123	1.0E+06	44	4.3	8.6
52	Te	120	1.0E+06	44	4.4	8.8
		122	1.0E+06	45	4.4	8.9
		123	1.0E+06	45	4.4	8.8
		124	1.0E+06	45	4.4	8.7
		125	1.0E+06	45	4.3	8.6
		126	1.0E+06	45	4.3	8.6
		128	1.0E+06	45	4.2	8.4
		130	1.0E+06	45	4.2	8.3
53	I	127	1.0E+06	46	4.3	8.7
54	Xe	124	1.0E+06	47	4.5	9.1
		126	1.0E+06	47	4.5	9.0
		128	1.0E+06	47	4.4	8.8
		129	1.0E+06	47	4.4	8.7
		130	1.0E+06	47	4.3	8.7
		131	1.0E+06	47	4.3	8.6
		132	1.0E+06	47	4.3	8.5
		134	1.0E+06	47	4.2	8.4
		136	1.0E+06	47	4.1	8.3
55	Cs	133	1.0E+06	47	4.2	8.5

** Intensities are quoted for the charge states indicated. Intensities can vary with the charge state and energy.

Higher energies for heavy isotopes can be obtained with reduced intensity.
Higher intensities may be obtained by choosing a lower charge state than indicated, which would also come at a lower energy.
Please contact the Manager for User Relations for a specific energy or beam intensity.

*** Half-lives are given for the long-lived isotopes. Isotopes with no half-lives given are stable.