Beams
FRIB offers fast, stopped, and reaccelerated rare-isotope beams from the FRIB linac. Rare-isotope beams are produced from a primary beam that impinges on a target. In addition, FRIB offers stable and long-lived radioactive beams that may be run at ReA3, ReA6, or the stopped beam area in stand-alone mode (that is, not coupled to the FRIB linac).
FRIB primary beams
Demonstrated
Element |
Energy (MeV/u) |
Beam current |
36Ar | 210 | 650 |
40Ar | 200 | 562 |
48Ca | 217 | 385 |
70Zn | 173 | 80 |
86Kr | 140 | 253 |
82Se | 165 | 70 |
124Xe | 227 | 172 |
198Pt | 186 | 50 |
Available
Element |
Energy (MeV/u) |
Beam current |
36Ar | 290 | 479 |
40Ar | 262 | 477 |
48Ca | 242 | 356 |
70Zn | 241 | 94 |
64Zn | 254 | 78 |
78Kr | 254 | 252 |
86Kr | 230 | 253 |
82Se | 227 | 150 |
124Xe | 228 | 177 |
198Pt | 188 | 55 |
208Pb | 184 | 94 |
209Bi | 186 | 93 |
Under development
Element |
Energy (MeV/u) |
Beam current |
16O | 290 | 1078 |
18O | 258 | 1077 |
22Ne | 264 | 861 |
58Ni | 270 | |
64Ni | 245 | |
70Ge | 249 | |
144Sm | 215 | |
92Mo | 247 | |
238U | 174 | 25 |
Rare isotope beam rates
Rare isotope beam rates used in proposals must be calculated by an FRIB beam physicist. Please contact the FRIB Manager for User Relations with the isotope for which you would like the rate and purity calculated, and the Manager for User Relations will make the request to the FRIB beam physics group. An approximate estimate can be obtained from the calculator.
For further information on how rates are calculated:
-
LISE++ tutorial: Making 64Cr. This PDF shows an example of developing — in simulation — a rare-isotope beam at FRIB. It shows some options to optimize the beam for either higher rate or higher purity.
Beam list for stand-alone operation at ReA3, ReA6, or Stopped Beam Area
The following list includes stable and long-lived radioactive beams that may be run at ReA3, ReA6, or the stopped beam area in stand-alone mode (that is, not coupled to the FRIB linac).
Please note that beams of long-lived and rare stable isotopes are subject to availability of material at the time of the experiment.
Z |
Element |
A |
Maximum intensity |
Q |
Maximum energy |
Maximum energy |
Half-life *** |
1 |
H |
1 |
1.0E+10 |
1 |
6.0 |
12.0 |
|
2 |
He |
3 |
1.0E+08 |
1 |
4.0 |
8.0 |
|
4 |
1.0E+08 |
2 |
6.0 |
12.0 |
|||
4 |
1.0E+10 |
1 |
3.0 |
6.0 |
|||
3 |
Li |
6 |
1.0E+07 |
2 |
4.0 |
8.0 |
|
7 |
1.0E+07 |
3 |
5.1 |
10.3 |
|||
4 |
Be |
7 |
5.0E+05 |
3 |
5.1 |
10.3 |
53 days |
9 |
1.0E+07 |
4 |
5.3 |
10.7 |
|||
10 |
5.0E+05 |
4 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
1.5x10^6 years |
||
5 |
B |
10 |
1.0E+06 |
4 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
|
11 |
2.6E+06 |
5 |
5.5 |
10.9 |
|||
6 |
C |
12 |
1.0E+08 |
5 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
13 |
1.0E+08 |
6 |
5.5 |
11.1 |
|||
7 |
N |
14 |
1.0E+08 |
6 |
5.1 |
10.3 |
|
15 |
1.0E+08 |
7 |
5.6 |
11.2 |
|||
8 |
O |
16 |
1.0E+08 |
7 |
5.3 |
10.5 |
|
17 |
1.0E+05 |
8 |
5.6 |
11.3 |
|||
18 |
1.0E+07 |
8 |
5.3 |
10.7 |
|||
9 |
F |
19 |
1.0E+06 |
9 |
5.7 |
11.4 |
|
10 |
Ne |
20 |
1.0E+09 |
9 |
5.4 |
10.8 |
|
|
|
21 |
1.0E+06 |
10 |
5.7 |
11.4 |
|
|
|
22 |
1.0E+06 |
10 |
5.5 |
10.9 |
|
11 |
Na |
23 |
1.0E+07 |
11 |
5.7 |
11.5 |
|
12 |
Mg |
24 |
1.0E+07 |
11 |
5.5 |
11.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
1.0E+07 |
11 |
5.3 |
10.6 |
|
|
|
26 |
1.0E+07 |
11 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
|
13 |
Al |
26 |
1.0E+06 |
12 |
5.5 |
11.1 |
7x10^5 years |
|
|
27 |
1.0E+08 |
12 |
5.3 |
10.7 |
|
14 |
Si |
28 |
1.0E+07 |
13 |
5.6 |
11.1 |
|
|
|
29 |
1.0E+07 |
13 |
5.4 |
10.8 |
|
|
|
30 |
1.0E+07 |
13 |
5.2 |
10.4 |
|
|
|
32 |
1.0E+06 |
13 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
153 years |
15 |
P |
31 |
1.0E+07 |
14 |
5.4 |
10.8 |
|
|
|
33 |
1.0E+06 |
14 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
25 days |
16 |
S |
32 |
1.0E+06 |
15 |
5.6 |
11.3 |
|
|
|
33 |
1.0E+07 |
14 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
34 |
1.0E+07 |
14 |
4.9 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
36 |
1.0E+05 |
14 |
4.7 |
9.3 |
|
17 |
Cl |
35 |
1.0E+07 |
15 |
5.1 |
10.3 |
|
|
|
37 |
1.0E+07 |
15 |
4.9 |
9.7 |
|
18 |
Ar |
36 |
1.0E+07 |
16 |
5.3 |
10.7 |
|
|
|
38 |
1.0E+05 |
16 |
5.1 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
40 |
1.0E+07 |
16 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
|
19 |
K |
39 |
1.0E+07 |
17 |
5.2 |
10.5 |
|
|
|
41 |
1.0E+07 |
17 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
20 |
Ca |
40 |
1.0E+06 |
19 |
5.7 |
11.4 |
|
|
|
41 |
1.0E+04 |
17 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
99,400 years |
|
|
42 |
1.0E+06 |
17 |
4.9 |
9.7 |
|
|
|
43 |
1.0E+06 |
18 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
|
|
44 |
1.0E+06 |
18 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
46 |
1.0E+06 |
18 |
4.7 |
9.4 |
|
|
|
48 |
1.0E+06 |
17 |
4.3 |
8.5 |
|
22 |
Ti |
46 |
1.0E+06 |
20 |
5.2 |
10.4 |
|
|
|
47 |
1.0E+06 |
20 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
48 |
1.0E+06 |
19 |
4.8 |
9.5 |
|
|
|
49 |
1.0E+06 |
20 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
50 |
1.0E+06 |
20 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
|
23 |
V |
48 |
1.0E+03 |
22 |
5.5 |
11.0 |
15 days |
|
|
49 |
1.0E+06 |
20 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
330 days |
|
|
50 |
1.0E+06 |
21 |
5.0 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
51 |
1.0E+06 |
21 |
4.9 |
9.9 |
|
24 |
Cr |
50 |
1.0E+06 |
22 |
5.3 |
10.6 |
|
|
|
52 |
1.0E+06 |
22 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
53 |
1.0E+06 |
22 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
|
|
54 |
1.0E+06 |
22 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
26 |
Fe |
54 |
1.0E+06 |
24 |
5.3 |
10.7 |
|
|
|
55 |
1.0E+06 |
24 |
5.2 |
10.5 |
2.7 years |
|
|
56 |
1.0E+06 |
23 |
4.9 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
57 |
1.0E+06 |
24 |
5.1 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
58 |
1.0E+06 |
24 |
5.0 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
59 |
1.0E+03 |
24 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
44 days |
|
|
60 |
1.0E+04 |
25 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
2.6x10^6 years |
28 |
Ni |
56 |
1.0E+04 |
24 |
5.1 |
10.3 |
6 days |
|
|
58 |
1.0E+06 |
26 |
5.4 |
10.8 |
|
|
|
60 |
1.0E+06 |
26 |
5.2 |
10.4 |
|
|
|
61 |
1.0E+06 |
26 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
62 |
1.0E+06 |
26 |
5.0 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
64 |
1.0E+06 |
26 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
29 |
Cu |
63 |
1.0E+06 |
26 |
5.0 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
65 |
1.0E+06 |
27 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
30 |
Zn |
64 |
1.0E+06 |
27 |
5.1 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
66 |
1.0E+06 |
28 |
5.1 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
67 |
1.0E+06 |
28 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
|
|
68 |
1.0E+06 |
28 |
4.9 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
70 |
1.0E+05 |
28 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
|
31 |
Ga |
69 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
5.0 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
71 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
32 |
Ge |
70 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
5.0 |
9.9 |
|
|
|
72 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
4.8 |
9.7 |
|
|
|
73 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
4.8 |
9.5 |
|
|
|
74 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
4.7 |
9.4 |
|
|
|
76 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
4.6 |
9.2 |
|
33 |
As |
73 |
1.0E+06 |
29 |
4.8 |
9.5 |
80 days |
|
|
75 |
1.0E+05 |
29 |
4.6 |
9.3 |
|
34 |
Se |
74 |
1.0E+05 |
32 |
5.2 |
10.4 |
|
|
|
76 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
5.1 |
10.1 |
|
|
|
77 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
|
|
78 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
80 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
|
|
|
82 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.7 |
9.4 |
|
35 |
Br |
79 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.9 |
9.7 |
|
|
|
81 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.7 |
9.5 |
|
36 |
Kr |
78 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.9 |
9.8 |
|
|
|
80 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.8 |
9.6 |
|
|
|
82 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.7 |
9.4 |
|
|
|
83 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.6 |
9.3 |
|
|
|
84 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.6 |
9.1 |
|
|
|
86 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.5 |
8.9 |
|
37 |
Rb |
83 |
1.0E+05 |
32 |
4.6 |
9.3 |
86.2 days |
|
|
85 |
1.0E+07 |
32 |
4.5 |
9.0 |
|
|
|
87 |
4.0E+06 |
32 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
38 |
Sr |
84 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.6 |
9.1 |
|
|
|
86 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.5 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
87 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
88 |
1.0E+06 |
32 |
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
46 |
Pd |
102 |
1.0E+06 |
39 |
4.6 |
9.2 |
|
|
|
104 |
1.0E+06 |
38 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
105 |
1.0E+06 |
39 |
4.5 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
106 |
1.0E+06 |
39 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
108 |
1.0E+06 |
39 |
4.3 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
110 |
1.0E+06 |
39 |
4.3 |
8.5 |
|
47 |
Ag |
107 |
1.0E+06 |
40 |
4.5 |
9.0 |
|
|
|
109 |
1.0E+06 |
39 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
48 |
Cd |
106 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.6 |
9.3 |
|
|
|
108 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.6 |
9.1 |
|
|
|
110 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.5 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
111 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.4 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
112 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
113 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
114 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
|
|
116 |
1.0E+06 |
41 |
4.2 |
8.5 |
|
49 |
In |
113 |
1.0E+06 |
42 |
4.5 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
115 |
1.0E+06 |
42 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
50 |
Sn |
112 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.6 |
9.2 |
|
|
|
114 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.5 |
9.1 |
|
|
|
115 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.5 |
9.0 |
|
|
|
116 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.4 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
117 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
118 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
119 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.3 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
120 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
|
|
122 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.2 |
8.5 |
|
|
|
124 |
1.0E+06 |
43 |
4.2 |
8.3 |
|
51 |
Sb |
121 |
1.0E+06 |
44 |
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
123 |
1.0E+06 |
44 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
52 |
Te |
120 |
1.0E+06 |
44 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
122 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.4 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
123 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
124 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
125 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
|
|
126 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
|
|
128 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.2 |
8.4 |
|
|
|
130 |
1.0E+06 |
45 |
4.2 |
8.3 |
|
53 |
I |
127 |
1.0E+06 |
46 |
4.3 |
8.7 |
|
54 |
Xe |
124 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.5 |
9.1 |
|
|
|
126 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.5 |
9.0 |
|
|
|
128 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.4 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
129 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.4 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
130 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.3 |
8.7 |
|
|
|
131 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.3 |
8.6 |
|
|
|
132 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.3 |
8.5 |
|
|
|
134 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.2 |
8.4 |
|
|
|
136 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.1 |
8.3 |
|
55 |
Cs |
133 |
1.0E+06 |
47 |
4.2 |
8.5 |
|
** Intensities are quoted for the charge states indicated. Intensities can vary with the charge state and energy.
-
Higher energies for heavy isotopes can be obtained with reduced intensity.
-
Higher intensities may be obtained by choosing a lower charge state than indicated, which would also come at a lower energy.
-
Please contact the Manager for User Relations for a specific energy or beam intensity.
*** Half-lives are given for the long-lived isotopes. Isotopes with no half-lives given are stable.