Discovery of Nuclides Project
The original papers describing the discovery of the isotopes of all elements were published over several years in the journal Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables (ADNDT). References to these papers are listed in the table below. Since then, several reassignments and corrections were made. Please check the most recent updates linked from the Isotope abstracts page.
| Element | Responsible author | Reference |
| Z = 0 - 10 | M. Thoennessen | ADNDT 98, 43 (2012) |
| Z = 11 - 19 | M. Thoennessen | ADNDT 98, 933 (2012) |
| Z = 20 Calcium | J. Gross | ADNDT 97, 383 (2011) |
| Z = 21 Scandium | D. Meierfrankenfeld | ADNDT 97, 134 (2011) |
| Z = 22 Titanium | D. Meierfrankenfeld | ADNDT 97, 134 (2011) |
| Z = 23 Vanadium | A. Shore | ADNDT 96, 351 (2010) |
| Z = 24 Chromium | R. Robinson | ADNDT 98, 356 (2012) |
| Z = 25 Manganese | K. Garofali | ADNDT 98, 356 (2012) |
| Z = 26 Iron | A. Schuh | ADNDT 96, 817 (2010) |
| Z = 27 Cobalt | T. Szymanski | ADNDT 96, 848 (2010) |
| Z = 28 Nickel | R. Robinson | ADNDT 98, 356 (2012) |
| Z = 29 Copper | K. Garofali | ADNDT 98, 356 (2012) |
| Z = 30 Zinc | J. Gross | ADNDT 98, 75 (2012) |
| Z = 31 Gallium | J. Gross | ADNDT 98, 983 (2012) |
| Z = 32 Germanium | J. Gross | ADNDT 98, 983 (2012) |
| Z = 33 Arsenic | A. Shore | ADNDT 96, 299 (2010) |
| Z = 34 Selenium | J. Claes | ADNDT 98, 75 (2012) |
| Z = 35 Bromine | J. Kathawa | ADNDT 98, 75 (2012) |
| Z = 36 Krypton | M. Heim | ADNDT 96, 333 (2010) |
| Z = 37 Rubidium | A. Parker | ADNDT 98, 812 (2012) |
| Z = 38 Strontium | A. Parker | ADNDT 98, 812 (2012) |
| Z = 39 Yttrium | A. Nystrom | ADNDT 98, 95 (2012) |
| Z = 40 Zirconium | A. Nystrom | ADNDT 98, 95 (2012) |
| Z = 41 Niobium | A. Nystrom | ADNDT 98, 95 (2012) |
| Z = 42 Molybenum | A. Parker | ADNDT 98, 812 (2012) |
| Z = 43 Technetium | A. Nystrom | ADNDT 98, 95 (2012) |
| Z = 44 Ruthenium | A. Nystrom | ADNDT 98, 95 (2012) |
| Z = 45 Rhodium | A. Parker | ADNDT 98, 812 (2012) |
| Z = 46 Palladium | J. Kathawa | ADNDT 99, 22 (2013) |
| Z = 47 Silver | A. Schuh | ADNDT 96, 531 (2010) |
| Z = 48 Cadmium | S. Amos | ADNDT 96, 855 (2010) |
| Z = 49 Indium | S. Amos | ADNDT 97, 383 (2011) |
| Z = 50 Tin | S. Amos | ADNDT 97, 383 (2011) |
| Z = 51 Antimony | J. Kathawa | ADNDT 99, 22 (2013) |
| Z = 52 Tellurium | J. Kathawa | ADNDT 99, 22 (2013) |
| Z = 53 Iodine | J. Kathawa | ADNDT 99, 22 (2013) |
| Z = 54 Xenon | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 22 (2013) |
| Z = 55 Cesium | E. May | ADNDT 98, 960 (2012) |
| Z = 56 Barium | A. Shore | ADNDT 96, 749 (2010) |
| Z = 57 Lanthanum | E. May | ADNDT 98, 960 (2012) |
| Z = 58 Cerium | J.Q. Ginepro | ADNDT 95, 805 (2009) |
| Z = 59 Praseodymium | E. May | ADNDT 98, 960 (2012) |
| Z = 60 Neodymium | J. Gross | ADNDT 98, 75 (2012) |
| Z = 61 Promethium | E. May | ADNDT 98, 960 (2012) |
| Z = 62 Samarium | E. May | ADNDT 99, 1 (2013) |
| Z = 63 Europium | E. May | ADNDT 99, 1 (2013) |
| Z = 64 Gadolinium | E. May | ADNDT 99, 1 (2013) |
| Z = 65 Terbium | E. May | ADNDT 99, 1 (2013) |
| Z = 66 Dysprosium | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 520 (2013) |
| Z = 67 Holmium | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 520 (2013) |
| Z = 68 Erbium | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 520 (2013) |
| Z = 69 Thulium | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 520 (2013) |
| Z = 70 Ytterbium | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 520 (2013) |
| Z = 71 Lutetium | J. Gross | ADNDT 98, 983 (2012) |
| Z = 72 Hafnium | J. Gross | ADNDT 98, 983 (2012) |
| Z = 73 Tantalum | R. Robinson | ADNDT 98, 911 (2012) |
| Z = 74 Tungsten | A. Fritsch | ADNDT 96, 315 (2010) |
| Z = 75 Rhenium | R. Robinson | ADNDT 98, 911 (2012) |
| Z = 76 Osmium | R. Robinson | ADNDT 98, 911 (2012) |
| Z = 77 Iridium | R. Robinson | ADNDT 98, 911 (2012) |
| Z = 78 Platinum | J. Gross | ADNDT 97, 383 (2011) |
| Z = 79 Gold | A. Schuh | ADNDT 96, 307 (2010) |
| Z = 80 Mercury | D. Meierfrankenfeld | ADNDT 97, 134 (2011) |
| Z = 81 - 84 | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 365 (2013) |
| Z = 85 - 88 | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 497 (2013) |
| Z = 89 - 92 | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 345 (2013) |
| Z = 93 - 98 | C. Fry | ADNDT 99, 96 (2013) |
| Z = 99 Einsteinium | A. Bury | ADNDT 97, 134 (2011) |
| Z = 100 - 118 | M. Thoennessen | ADNDT 99, 312 (2013) |
Isotope abstracts
Search by element, author, laboratory, and more.
Clickable chart of nuclides
View the chart of nuclides on NuDat, from the National Nuclear Data Center.
Learn about the most recent isotope discoveries.
View tables of the top authors, laboratories, countries, and journals.
Learn about the guidelines used to determine the claim of discovery of a nuclide.
Browse a list of publications related to the Discovery of Nuclides Project.
The original papers describing the discovery of the isotopes of all elements were published over several years in the journal Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables (ADNDT).
Learn more about how this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics.
